How the RYYB sensor on the Huawei P30 Pro works

The Huawei P30 Pro is the first smartphone to use Sony's new IMX650 sensor. Apart from having a resolution of 40MP, the special feature of this sensor is that it has an RYYB color filter. Huawei claims this makes the sensor collect 40% light. But what is an RYYB color filter and how does it differ from what other phones have? To understand the RYYB filter, we must first understand how a Bayer filter works. A Bayer filter is a color filter array overlaid on top of an image sensor, and is named after Bryce Bayer, who invented it. The reason we need a color filter array is because...